The Sillery “reduction” and Pachirini’s fief: first reserves for
christian Indigenous
Posted on September 4, 2018
In 1637, missionaries of the Society
of Jesus, the Jesuits, found a mission outside the village of Kébec. The Jesuits choose an important site for the
First Nations, known as Kamisk8a 8angachit – the eel tip and the place to fish (known as Sillery).
Initially, the reduction of Sillery
is called the St. Joseph Mission (not to be confused with its
namesake created in 1680 in the Country of the Illinois Nation). The
goal is sedentarization, conversion to Catholicism, and the education of the
neighboring First Nations – Innu Nations, Atikamekw, Algonquin, the Wendat
Nation, and even some converts from the Mohawk and Abenaki Nation. At the same
time, unions between Nations, including that of the Settlers, are encouraged by
missionaries because this type of union
will oblige all savages to love the
French as their brothers. They testify to wish it with passion, for they never
have more satisfaction with our speeches when we promise them that we will take
their daughters in marriage, for after that there is a thousand applause. They
tell us that when we do this marriage, they will hold us as their nation,
considering the descent and kinship of families by their wives and not by men,
all the more so, say he, that we know that the mother of the child, but not
sternly who is the father.
At first, the Jesuits think tThese marriages can not produce any bad inconvenience, for never will savage wives seduce their husbands to live miserable in the woods, as do the peoples of New France, and the children who will be born of these marriages may be none other than Christians, nourished and raise up among the French and in their dwelling, besides that there is no appearance, in the docility of this people who is not warned of any other religion, that the married woman can not easily be solved. to follow the religion of her husband, in which, when she considers only the diversity of life, she will embrace a life of angels instead of the misery of other savage wome
In the first decade, the mission was renamed in honor of Noël
BRÛLARD de Sillery, a Frenchman turned Jesuit who donated his property to
establish a mission to evangelize the First Nations of New France. Houses, a
chapel, a mill and a bastioned enclosure are built there.
Thanks to the Sillery Register, which contains marriages and baptisms, the list of residents of 1666 and the Confession and Enumeration of 1678, we can see the acts of some 400 men, women and children who lived at the Mission.
The Sillery
Register reflects the “Pan-Indigenous” role of Sillery’s mission.
Representatives of several Nations visit or stay there: in addition to
Montagnais and Algonquins of the beginning, there are Attikameks, Hurons,
Nipissiriens, Abenaki, Socoquis, etc., who come to learn about the faith. . The
presence or stay in Sillery of great figures of the Amerindian world like Noël
Negabamat / Tekouerimat, Makheabichigiou, Pigarouich and Tgondatsa, confirm the
role played by Sillery in Amerindian relations. Originally intended for the
Algonquins and Montagnais, Sillery then welcomed the Abenaki, whose presence is
reported from 1676 to 1688. This is the densest period of the register for the
frequency of baptisms. In fact, most of the Aboriginal baptisms attributed to
Sillery (1,099 out of 1,716, or 64%)
From 1687, and for non-obvious reasons, the Pan-Indigenous
families, now fluent in the French language, leave Sillery and the mission is
abandoned.
At the same time, the Pan-Indigenous families of the late
Charles PACHIRINI, Sachem of the Makwag clan of the WESKARINI Nation (nicknamed
the Little Mission), leave the Montmagny Fief near the Tapiskwan River (known
as the Saint-Maurice) where these Christian First Nations settled.
From 1690 onward, we begin to find the families from these two
sites at the Seigneury of the ile Dupas-et-du-Chicot, which Charles Aubert de
la Chesnaye had conceded to Louis DANDONNEAU and his brother-in-law Jacques
BRISSET. The site, which consists of a network of islands upstream of Lake Nebesek (also known as
Angouleme and Saint-Pierre), had never been inhabited continuously before. The
archipelago was a fishing and hunting area used by many neighboring First
Nations.
In 1699, both Sillery and Pachirini’s fief were removed from the “Savages” and handed over to the Jesuits. The document indicates that the “Indians” had abandoned the sites near the Jesuit lands. The document was made between Hector de CALLIÈRES and the Jesuits, without any participation or consent of any First Nations representative or their descendants.
Sources:Pierre de SESMAISONS, Raisons qui peuvent induire Sa Saincteté à permettre aux François qui habitent la Nouvelle-France d’espouser dez filles sauvages, quoyque non baptisées ny mesmes encorre beaucoup instruictes à la foy chrestienne [avant 1635] MNFIII
Léo-Paul HÉBERT, Évangéliser les Amérindiens : Le vieux Registre de Sillery (1638-1688) Je me souviens… Numéro 31, automne 1992 URI : id.erudit.org/iderudit/8112ac
1Jean COURNOYER, La Mémoire du Québec, de 1534 à nos jours, Stanké 2001
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